Internet Surfer 2.0/Internet Surfer 2.0 (Wayzata Technology) (1996).iso/pc/text/mac/faqs.258

Text File | 1996-02-12 | 27.9 KB | 639 lines

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS);faqs.258



   Author: Kresten Krab Thorup <[e-mail]>
-  Latest released version: 5.6e { or 5.2 ??? or 5.0 non-beta??? }
+  Latest released version: 6.1 {???}
   Anonymous FTP:
-    iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auctex_5_6e.tar.Z {maybe???}
-    iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auc-tex.tar.Z
+    /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auctex_5_6e.tar.Z  {wrong}
+    /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auc-tex.tar.Z
   Mailing list:
     [e-mail] (for subscriptions)
@@ -613,12 +666,13 @@

   Author: Jamie Zawinski <[e-mail]>
-  Latest released version: 1.46
+  Latest released version: 1.47
   Anonymous FTP:
-    Emas Lisp Archive: packages/bbdb.tar.Z
+    /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/bbdb.tar.Z
   Mailing list:
     [e-mail] (for subscriptions)
-    [e-mail] (for subscriptions)
+    [e-mail]
     [e-mail] (to be informed of new releases)
-  Note: BBDB only works with VM 5, not with VM 4.
+  Note: BBDB does not work with VM 4.  It does work with VM 5, RMAIL, GNUS,
+    and MH-E.

 QQQ: Ispell -- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs
@@ -638,9 +691,10 @@
 QQQ: Epoch -- enhanced GNU Emacs with better X interface

-  Latest released version: 4.0 patchlevel 2
+  Latest released version: 4.2
   Anonymous FTP:
-    cs.uiuc.edu:pub/epoch-files/epoch/epoch-4.0p2.tar.Z
-    src.doc.ic.ac.uk:gnu/epoch/
-    aix370.rrz.uni-koeln.de:gnu/emacs/epoch/
+    /cs.uiuc.edu:pub/epoch-files/epoch/epoch-4.2.tar.Z
+    /cs.uiuc.edu:pub/epoch-files/epoch/epoch-diff-4.1-4.2.tar.Z
+    /src.doc.ic.ac.uk:gnu/epoch/
+    /aix370.rrz.uni-koeln.de:gnu/emacs/epoch/
   Newsgroup and mailing lists:
     Epoch:
@@ -759,8 +818,9 @@

   Author: Larry Wall <[e-mail]>
-  Latest version: 2.0 patchlevel 12u6
+  Latest version: 2.0 patchlevel 12u8
     (This is the version that supports the new unified diff format.)
   Anonymous FTP:
-    prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/patch-2.0.12u6.tar.Z
+    /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/patch-2.0.12u8.tar.Z
+    /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/patch-2.0.12g8.tar.Z  (GNU version)


@@ -84,4 +84,9 @@
   See `Key Bindings' and `Rebinding' in the online manual.

+  In Emacs 19 (including Lucid Emacs), you can bind function key F24 like
+  this:
+
+    (global-set-key 'f24 'some-command)
+
 QQQ: Why does Emacs say `Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters'?

@@ -739,7 +737,7 @@
 QQQ: How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key?

-  Unless you're using Emacs under emacstool (or xvetool?) or you have a
-  working version of x-rebind-key (see question QQQ), you
-  can't do this with Emacs alone.
+  Unless you're using Emacs under emacstool (or xvetool?), have a working
+  version of x-rebind-key (see question QQQ), or are using Emacs 19 (Lucid
+  Emacs), you can't do this with Emacs alone.

   If you are using emacstool, Emacs sees different character sequences for
@@ -763,4 +761,19 @@
   site?}

+  If you have x-rebind-key, you can have any arbitrary combination of
+  modifiers with a key replaced by any sequence of "normal" characters.  For
+  example, this makes Shift-Return behave as though you had typed "C-x C-e"
+  (example from Jerry Graves):
+
+    (x-rebind-key "Return" 'shift "\C-x\C-e")
+
+  In Emacs 19 (Lucid Emacs), you can bind Meta-Left-Arrow like this (example
+  from Jamie Zawinski):
+
+    (global-set-key '(meta left) 'backward-word)
+
+  With the last two methods, use `xmodmap' and `xev' to discover the keysym
+  and modifier names.
+
 QQQ: Why doesn't my Meta key work in an xterm window?

@@ -78,5 +78,6 @@

      WARNING: If you are visiting the file ~/outgoing at the time you send
-     the mail, this can cause a variety of horrible problems.
+     the mail, this can cause a variety of horrible problems.  Jamie
+     Zawinski has written a solution for this.

   It does not work to put `set record filename' in the .mailrc file.
@@ -154,5 +155,6 @@
   using it because saved mail in their `mbox' file has been converted into
   an incompatible format (BABYL) that only RMAIL understands.  RMAIL
-  provides no obvious way to reverse this transformation.  To convert a mail
+  provides no obvious way to reverse this transformation.  Kyle Jones has
+  aptly named this "the great Emacs Mail Eating Monster".  To convert a mail
   file back to standard Unix format, there are several methods:

@@ -310,4 +312,7 @@
   Of course, GNUS will run faster if you make sure it is byte-compiled.

+  Felix Lee wrote some enhancements called `gnus-speedups.el' that fix some
+  of the problems.  See the Emacs Lisp Archive.
+
 QQQ: How do I catch up all newsgroups in GNUS?

@@ -351,8 +356,20 @@
 QQQ: Why does GNUS hang for a long time when posting?

-  What is the answer?????
+  David Lawrence <[e-mail]> explains:

-  Is there a solution?  Any way to post in the background so useful work can
-  be done while waiting for inews?
+    The problem is almost always interaction between NNTP and C News.  NNTP
+    POST asks C News's inews to not background itself but rather hang around
+    and give its exit status so it knows whether the post was successful.
+    (That wait will on some systems not return the exit status of the
+    waited for job is a different sort of problem.)  It ends up taking a
+    long time because inews is calling relaynews, which often waits for
+    another relaynews to free the lock on the news system so it can file the
+    article.
+
+    My preferred solution is to change inews to not call relaynews, but
+    rather use newsspool.  This loses some error-catching functionality, but
+    is for the most part safe as inews will detect a lot of the errors on
+    its own.  The C News folks have sped up inews, too, so speed should look
+    better to most folks as that update propagates around.

 QQQ: Why don't my news postings in GNUS get past the local machine?
@@ -359,6 +376,8 @@

   Three possible reasons: local distribution, C News date problem (see
-  question QQQ, and the path problem.  {What is the correct fix
-  to the path problem?}
+  question QQQ, and the path problem.  This piece of code may fix the path
+  problem for you:
+
+    (setq gnus-use-generic-path t)

 QQQ: Why is the GNUS-generated `Date:' header invalid?
@@ -371,5 +390,6 @@
     (defun gnus-inews-date () nil)

-  I think this is fixed in GNUS 3.14.1.
+  I think this is fixed in GNUS 3.14.1 if you set gnus-news-system {?} to
+  Cnews.

 QQQ: Why doesn't GNUS generate the `Lines:' header?
@@ -396,4 +416,7 @@
   calculate the `Lines:' header for incoming articles when necessary that
   works for sites with local news spools.
+
+  David Lawrence <[e-mail]> says that GNUS 3.14.1 generates Lines
+  if gnus-news-system is Cnews.

 QQQ: Why do I get "Cannot open load file" "nntp" when compiling GNUS?
Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu gnu.emacs.help:7398 comp.emacs:15247 news.answers:3112
Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!eff!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!news.bbn.com!bu.edu!bigbird!jbw
From: [e-mail] (Joe Wells)
Newsgroups: gnu.emacs.help,comp.emacs,news.answers
Subject: GNU Emacs FAQ (0/5): Intro/Contents
Summary: READ BEFORE POSTING.  A regularly posted list of answers to frequently
         asked questions (FAQs) about GNU Emacs and many Emacs Lisp programs.
         Contains pointers to other resources.
Keywords: gnu emacs faq answers frequently asked questions periodic
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Date: 22 Sep 92 01:10:20 GMT
Expires: 21 Nov 92 01:10:20 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail]
Followup-To: poster
Organization: GNU's Not UNIX
Lines: 284
Approved: [e-mail]
Supersedes: <[e-mail]>

Archive-Name: GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part0
Last-Modified: Sun, 20 Sep 1992 22:28:37 GMT
Last-Posted: Tue, 22 Sep 1992 01:10:20 GMT

                       GNU Emacs FAQ: Introduction

[To find what has changed, see the "diff" posting.]

[Joe Wells plans to quit soon as FAQ coordinator.  Steven Byrnes says he can
 take over this portion of the FAQ responsibility.  We still need more
 volunteers to help by taking charge of a section of the FAQ list.  Send e-mail
 if you are interested.]

This is the introduction to a list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) about
GNU Emacs with answers.  This article contains a listing of the questions;
subsequent articles contain the questions and answers.

The FAQ list is posted to reduce the noise level in the `gnu.emacs.help'
newsgroup (which is also the `help-gnu-emacs' mailing list) which results from
the repetition of frequently asked questions, wrong answers to these questions,
corrections to the wrong answers, corrections to the corrections, debate, name
calling, etc.  Also, it serves as a repository of the canonical "best" answers
to these questions.  However, if you know a better answer or even a slight
change that improves an answer, please tell us!

If you know the answer of a question is in the FAQ list, please reply to the
question by e-mail instead of posting.  Help reduce noise!

The FAQ list is crossposted to `comp.emacs' because some sites do not receive
the `gnu.*' newsgroups.  The FAQ list is also crossposted to `news.answers'.

Please suggest new questions, answers, wording changes, deletions, etc.  The
most helpful form for suggestions is a context diff (ie., the output of `diff
-c').  Include `FAQ' in the subject of messages sent to us about the FAQ list.

Please do not send questions to us just because you do not want to disturb a
lot of people and you think we would know the answer.  We do not have time to
answer questions individually.  :-(

Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22.  Also see the
`Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send
e-mail to `[e-mail]' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP,
WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu.

These ideas have already been suggested, but we have not had time to
implement them:

  * A Texinfo version.
  * Marking questions in the table of contents that have been changed
    recently.

--
Joe Wells <[e-mail]> and Steven Byrnes <[e-mail]>

E-mail [e-mail] for details about the League for Programming Freedom.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

                     GNU Emacs FAQ: Table of Contents

Notation Used in FAQ

1:   What do these mean: C-h, M-C-a, RET, "ESC a", etc.?
2:   What does "M-x command" mean?
3:   How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual?
4:   What do these mean: etc/SERVICE, src/config.h, lisp/default.el?
5:   What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL?

General Questions

6:   What is the LPF and why should I join it?
7:   What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft?
8:   What are appropriate messages for gnu.emacs.help, gnu.emacs.bug,
     comp.emacs, etc.?
9:   Where can I get old postings to gnu.emacs.help and other GNU groups?
10:  Where should I report bugs and other problems with GNU Emacs?
11:  How do I unsubscribe to this mailing list?
12:  What is the current address of the FSF?

On-line Help, Printed Manuals, Other Sources of Help

13:  I'm just starting GNU Emacs; how do I do basic editing?
14:  How do I find out how to do something in GNU Emacs?
15:  How do I get a printed copy of the GNU Emacs manual?
16:  Where can I get documentation on GNU Emacs Lisp?
17:  How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation?
18:  How do I print a Texinfo file?
19:  Can I view Info files without using GNU Emacs?
20:  What informational files are available for GNU Emacs?
21:  Where can I get help in installing GNU Emacs?
22:  Where can I get the latest version of this document (the FAQ list)?

Status of Emacs

23:  Where does the name "Emacs" come from?
24:  What is the latest version of GNU Emacs?
25:  When will GNU Emacs 19 be available?
26:  What is different about GNU Emacs 19?
27:  What variants of GNU Emacs exist?

Common Things People Want To Do

28:  How do I set up a .emacs file properly?
29:  How do I debug a .emacs file?
30:  How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number?
31:  How do I turn on Abbrevs by default just in mode XXX?
32:  How do I turn on Auto-Fill mode by default?
33:  How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files?
34:  How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (8-bit or control)
     characters?
35:  How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs?
36:  How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing?
37:  How do I make Emacs wrap words for me?
38:  Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs?
39:  How can I spell-check TeX or *roff documents?
40:  How do I change load-path?
41:  How do I use an already running Emacs from another window?
42:  How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages?
43:  How do I indent switch statements like this?
44:  How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally?
45:  How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting?
46:  How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal?
47:  How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X Windows?
48:  How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the
     indentation of the previous line?
49:  How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at?
50:  In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after #ifdef
     commands are handled by the compiler?
51:  Is there an equivalent to the `.' (dot) command of vi?
52:  What are the valid X resource settings (ie., stuff in .Xdefaults)?
53:  How do I execute a piece of Emacs Lisp code?
54:  How do I change Emacs's idea of the tab character's length?
55:  How do I insert `>' at the beginning of every line?
56:  How do I insert `_^H' before each character in a paragraph to get an
     underlined paragraph?
57:  How do I repeat a command as many times as possible?
58:  How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor
     should stay in the same column even if the line is too short?
59:  How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself?
60:  How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs?
61:  How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file?
62:  Where is the documentation for `etags'?

Bugs/Problems

63:  Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes?
64:  Why can't Emacs find files in current directory on startup?
65:  How do I get rid of the ^M junk in my Shell buffer?
66:  Why do I get `Process shell exited abnormally with code 1'?
67:  Why can't I cut from Emacs and paste in other X programs?
68:  Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type `emacs'?
69:  Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying `I-search:' and beeping?
70:  Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)?
71:  Why does Emacs say `Error in init file'?
72:  Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)?
73:  Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file?
74:  How do I edit a file with a `$' in its name?
75:  Why does Shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory?
76:  Why doesn't my change to load-path work?
77:  Why does the cursor always go to the wrong column when I move up or
     down one line?
78:  Why does Emacs hang with message `Unknown XMenu error' with X11R4?
79:  Why doesn't display-time show the load average in the mode line
     anymore?
80:  Why does ispell sometimes ignore the local dictionary?
81:  Why does Ispell treat each line as a single word?
82:  Are there any security risks in GNU Emacs?

Difficulties Building/Installing/Porting Emacs

83:  What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs?
84:  How do I stop Emacs from failing when the executable is stripped?
85:  Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail?
86:  Why does Emacs 18.55 say `Fatal error (6).Abort' under SunOS 4.1?

Finding/Getting Emacs and Related Packages

87:  Where can I get GNU Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)?
88:  How do I find a GNU Emacs Lisp package that does XXX?
89:  Where can I get GNU Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs?
90:  How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive?
91:  Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff?
92:  Where can I get an Emacs with better mouse and X window support?
93:  What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Epoch?
94:  What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Lucid GNU Emacs?
95:  Where can I get the "unofficial HP GNU Emacs"?
96:  Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS?
97:  Where can I get Emacs for my PC running Windows?
98:  Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2?
99:  Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST?
100: Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga?
101: Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer?
102: Where can I get Emacs with NeWS support?
103: Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows?
104: Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne Shell, Csh, C++,
     Objective C, Pascal, Awk?
105: What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ?

Major Emacs Lisp Packages, Emacs Extensions, and Related Programs

106: VM (View Mail) -- another mail reader within Emacs
107: Supercite -- mail and news citation package within Emacs
108: GNUS -- news reader within Emacs
109: Calc -- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs
110: Calendar/Diary -- calendar manager within Emacs
111: Ange-FTP -- transparent FTP access for Emacs's file access routines
112: VIP -- vi emulation for Emacs
113: Dired -- better directory editor for Emacs
114: AUC TeX -- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities
115: Hyperbole -- extensible hypertext management system within Emacs
116: Byte Compiler -- enhanced version of Emacs's byte compiler
117: comint -- hugely enhanced shell mode and other derived modes
118: BBDB -- personal info rolodex integrated with mail/news readers
119: Ispell -- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs
120: Epoch -- enhanced GNU Emacs with better X interface
121: Lucid GNU Emacs -- alternative Emacs 19 with better X interface
122: Demacs -- GNU Emacs altered to run on MS-DOS on 386/486 machines
123: Freemacs -- a small Emacs for MS-DOS
124: Patch -- program to apply "diffs" for updating files

Changing Key Bindings and Handling Key Binding Problems

125: How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands?
126: Why does Emacs say `Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters'?
127: Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my
     .emacs file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up?
128: How do I use function keys under X Windows?
129: How do I tell what characters my function or arrow keys emit?
130: How do I set the X key "translations" for Emacs?
131: How do I handle C-s and C-q being used for flow control?
132: How do I use commands bound to C-s and C-q (or any key) if these keys
     are filtered out?
133: Why does the `BackSpace' key invoke help?
134: Why doesn't Emacs look at the stty settings for Backspace vs. Delete?
135: Why don't the arrow keys work?
136: How do I "swap" two keys?
137: How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard?
138: What if I don't have a Meta key?
139: What if I don't have an Escape key?
140: How do I type DEL on PC terminal emulators?
141: Can I make my `Compose Character' key behave like a Meta key?
142: How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key?
143: Why doesn't my Meta key work in an xterm window?
144: Why doesn't my ExtendChar key work as a Meta key under HP-UX 8.0?
145: Where can I get key bindings to make Emacs emulate WordStar?
146: Where can I get an XEDIT emulator for Emacs?

Using Emacs with Alternate Character Sets

147: How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters?
148: How do I input 8-bit characters?
149: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle kanji characters?
150: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle Chinese?
151: Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets?

Mail and News

152: How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups?
153: How do I save a copy of outgoing mail?
154: Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail?
155: Why does RMAIL think all my saved messages are one big message?
156: How can I sort the messages in my RMAIL folder?
157: Why does RMAIL need to write to /usr/spool/mail?
158: How do I recover my mail files after RMAIL munges their format?
159: How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader?
160: How do I read news under Emacs?
161: Why does `rnews' say "No News is good news" when there is news?
162: Why doesn't GNUS work anymore via NNTP?
163: How do I view text with embedded underlining (eg., ClariNews)?
164: When I try to post a long article in GNUS (about 10K or longer), I get
     the error, "Writing to process: no more processes, nntpd"
165: How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in GNUS?
166: Why does GNUS put the subjects in replies beyond the 80th column?
167: Why is GNUS so slow to start up?
168: How do I catch up all newsgroups in GNUS?
169: Why can't I kill in GNUS on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control line?
170: How do I get rid of flashing messages in GNUS for slow connections?
171: Why is catch up slow in Gnews/GNUS?
172: Why does GNUS hang for a long time when posting?
173: Why don't my news postings in GNUS get past the local machine?
174: Why is the GNUS-generated `Date:' header invalid?
175: Why doesn't GNUS generate the `Lines:' header?
176: Why do I get "Cannot open load file" "nntp" when compiling GNUS?
177: How do I kill all articles in GNUS but those matching a pattern?
Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu gnu.emacs.help:7399 comp.emacs:15248 news.answers:3113
Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!eff!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!uwm.edu!news.bbn.com!bu.edu!bigbird!jbw
From: [e-mail] (Joe Wells)
Newsgroups: gnu.emacs.help,comp.emacs,news.answers
Subject: GNU Emacs FAQ (1/5, 1-27): Notation/General/Help/Status
Summary: READ BEFORE POSTING.  A regularly posted list of answers to frequently
         asked questions (FAQs) about GNU Emacs and many Emacs Lisp programs.
         Contains pointers to other resources.  Follow "References:" link for
         more metainfo.
Keywords: gnu emacs faq answers frequently asked questions periodic
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Date: 22 Sep 92 01:10:20 GMT
Expires: 21 Nov 92 01:10:20 GMT
References: <[e-mail]>
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail]
Followup-To: poster
Organization: GNU's Not UNIX
Lines: 759
Approved: [e-mail]
Supersedes: <[e-mail]>

Archive-Name: GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part1
Last-Modified: Mon, 21 Sep 1992 03:13:02 GMT
Last-Posted: Tue, 22 Sep 1992 01:10:20 GMT

               GNU Emacs FAQ: Notation/General/Help/Status

If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to
get an overview of just the questions.  Then, when you want to look at the text
of the answers, just type "C-x $".

To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if
that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search.

A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line.  A `-' means
something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and
deletions occurred.

Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22.  Also see the
`Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send
e-mail to `[e-mail]' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP,
WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu.



Notation Used in FAQ

  Skip this section and then come back if you don't understand some of the
  later answers.

1:   What do these mean: C-h, M-C-a, RET, "ESC a", etc.?

  C-x means press the `x' key while holding down the Control key.  M-x means
  press the `x' key while holding down the Meta key.  M-C-x means press the
  `x' key while holding down both the Control key and the Meta key.  C-M-a
  is a synonym for M-C-a.  RET, LFD, DEL, ESC, and TAB respectively refer to
  pressing the Return, Linefeed (aka Newline), Delete, Escape, and Tab keys
  and are equivalent to C-m, C-j, C-?, C-[, and C-i.  SPC means press the
  Space bar.

  I put any key sequence that is longer than one key (and some single-key
  sequences) inside double quotes or on a line by itself.  Any real spaces
  in such a key sequence should be ignored; only SPC really means press the
  space key.

  The ASCII code sent by C-x (except for C-?) is the value that would be
  sent by pressing just `x' minus 96 (or 64 for uppercase `X') and will be
  from 0 to 31.  The ASCII code sent by M-x is the sum of 128 and the ASCII
  code that would be sent by pressing just the `x' key.  Essentially, the
  Control key turns off bits 5 and 6 and the Meta key turns on bit 7.

  For further information, see `Characters' and `Keys' in the online manual.

  NOTE: C-? (aka DEL) is ASCII code 127.  It is a misnomer to call C-? a
  "control" key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON.  Also, on very
  few keyboards does Control-? generate ASCII code 127.

2:   What does "M-x command" mean?

  "M-x command" means type M-x, then type the name of the command, then
  type RET.

  M-x (by default) invokes the command `execute-extended-command'.  This
  command allows you to run any Emacs command if you can remember the
  command's name.  If you can't remember the command's name, you can type
  TAB and SPC for completion, and "?" for a list of possibilities.  An Emacs
  "command" is any "interactive" Emacs function.

  NOTE: Your system administrator may have bound other key sequences to
  invoke execute-extended-command.  A function key labeled `Do' is a good
  candidate for this.

  To run non-interactive Emacs functions, see question 53.

3:   How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual?

  When I refer you to topic XXX in the on-line manual, you can read this
  manual node inside Emacs (assuming nothing is broken) by typing this:

    C-h i m emacs RET m XXX RET

  This invokes the Info facility.  If you don't already know how to use
  Info, type "?" from within Info.

  If I refer you to topic XXX:YYY, you need to type this:

    C-h i m emacs RET m XXX RET m YYY RET

  WARNING: Your system administrator may not have installed the Info files,
  or may have installed them properly.  In this case you should complain.

4:   What do these mean: etc/SERVICE, src/config.h, lisp/default.el?

  These are files that come with GNU Emacs.  The GNU Emacs distribution is
  divided into subdirectories; the important ones are `etc', `lisp', and
  `src'.

  If you use GNU Emacs, but don't know where it is kept on your system,
  start Emacs, then type "C-h v exec-directory RET".  The directory name
  displayed by this will be the full pathname of the installed `etc'
  directory.

  Some of these files are available individually via FTP or e-mail, see
  question 20.  All are available in the source distribution.

5:   What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL?

  FSF == Free Software Foundation
  LPF == League for Programming Freedom
  OSF == Open Software Foundation
  GNU == GNU's Not Unix
  RMS == Richard Matthew Stallman
  FTP == File Transfer Protocol
  GPL == GNU General Public Licence

  NOTE: Avoid confusing the FSF, the LPF, and the OSF.  The LPF opposes
  look-and-feel copyrights and software patents.  The FSF aims to make high
  quality free software available for everyone.  The OSF is a commercial
  organization which wants to provide an alternative, standardized version
  of Unix not controlled by AT&T.

  NOTE: The word "free" in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers
  to "freedom", not "zero dollars".  Anyone can charge any price for
  GPL-covered software that they want to.  However, in practice, the freedom
  enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always get the
  software for less money from someone else, because everyone has the right
  to resell or give away GPL-covered software.



General Questions

6:   What is the LPF and why should I join it?

  The LPF opposes the expanding danger of software patents and look-and-feel
  copyrights.  To get more information, feel free to contact the LPF via
  e-mail or otherwise.  {You may also contact me, [e-mail]; I will be
  happy to talk with you about the LPF.}  Here is the contact information:   !